Idiom – avoid it, er, like the plague

'Idiom' is the use of language in a way that is not literal. The English language is full of idioms. Unfortunately, they are not even universal around the English-speaking world. For people who speak English as a second language, idiom is even harder to understand.

We use idiom all the time without realizing. Here are some really obvious ones:

• raining like cats and dogs
• that's the way the cookie crumbles
• he went through the place like a bull in a china shop

There are many other idioms we use which are not so obvious. If you say, 'the coffee ran out' to a second-language speaker, it sounds as if the coffee has run away through the door! If you say, 'We have no coffee,' or 'There is no coffee left', your meaning is much clearer. Here are some more:

• dressed to kill
• under the weather
• green with envy
• ran like lightning
• laugh your head off

Look through any magazine page – you will be surprised how many idioms are used!

It also helps second-language speakers if we mainly avoid phrasal verbs. There is often a single word which can replace them. Or it may be safer to remove the second word completely. For example, come back/return, go away/leave, visit with/visit, and many more.

It is important to make our pages accessible to the maximum number of people. You may not know that a deliberate policy of Readers Digest is to target their style of writing to the reading level of the average 13-year-old. There are also other aspects of writing style that we can learn from Readers Digest.

Avoid local usage

Try also to avoid idiom and colloquiasm and word use which are unique to your part of the English-speaking world. Outside US, people don't understand "home run". Outside UK, cricket or football idioms may not be recognized. Local variations: 'outwith' is Scottish English, not used elsewhere, and 'somewhen' is a charming but regional UK usage. There are many usages of American English which are not always clear to English speakers elsewhere despite the universal popularity of American films – for example 'starting over', which in the rest of the world is 'starting again'.

The use of place names without qualification by region or country can also be confusing. You can define or explain words using an annotation popup – these are very easy to do. Example: "I went to visit my sister in Birmingham." Ask a friend in a different part of the English-speaking world to help you revise your pages to take into account the needs of international readers. It is very important that our pages be globalized. English is a wonderful language for expressing shades of meaning. However, subtle use of the language may confuse second-language speakers. For instance, they may not understand a double negative: e.g. "She was not unattractive," or "I was not indifferent to the idea."

More on idiom

• Plain English Campaign – free downloadable advice on writing clearly
• Guide to idioms | Alphabetical list of British idioms | Open Directory idiom section
• Idiom in the Bible: Idioms of the Bible | Figures of speech | Insights into Biblical Understanding

Writing simply

Simple clear writing with short sentences and active verbs helps everyone - not only second-language English speakers. Anaylyze your writing with tools such as those contained in MS Word for sentence length and readability on the Flesch-Kincaid scale. Or try the very useful Textalyser which tells you word count, syllables, number of different words and sentences used, sentence length, and average words per sentence, plus the Gunning-Fog Index of readability.

See 10 Tips for writing effective web copy.

Other writing pages

• Angie's Story: effective testimony-writing for non-Christians
• Avoiding Christian jargon
• Assuming zero Christian knowledge
• Learning from the Press
• Revising and editing
• Christian house-style/grammar guide

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